Economic Security Model

Supporting 1 million validator nodes generates a massive amount of signatures and data, which current technology cannot process within a single slot. By dividing validators into committees and distributing them across multiple slots, the number of validators per slot can be significantly reduced. Combined with BLS signature aggregation, this approach further minimizes the amount of signature data per node, enabling a single slot to support tens of thousands of validators (currently, Ethereum supports approximately 32,000 validators per slot). With enabling a single slot to support tens of thousands of validators, building a truly decentralized and permissionless node network, and introducing low-barrier light nodes subsequently become feasible. At the same time, numerous institutions with rich blockchain node operation experience should also be allowed to participate in this permissionless node network, providing strong guarantees for the reliability of the node network. Based on this concept of building an Economic Security Model, dill has constructed a unique Two-tiered Staking Model, enabling the dill node network to simultaneously provide guarantees for both the scalability and security of the dill blockchain. In this model, Light-layer validators and heavy-layer validators each form their own committees, spanning a total of 64 slots. Unlike the approach of evenly dividing committees across slots, Dill employs a method that limits the number of validators per slot. Assuming each slot selects up to 16,000 validators from both the light and heavy staking layers (for a total of 32,000 per slot), light-layer validators are selected on average once every 64 slots, while heavy-layer validators are selected every time.